Gastroscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a diagnostic procedure that involves using a gastroscope-a flexible tube equipped with a camera and light to visualize the interior of the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). This minimally invasive technique allows doctors to examine these areas for abnormalities, take biopsies, and perform certain therapeutic interventions. Gastroscopy is commonly indicated for a variety of reasons. It is often used to investigate symptoms such as persistent upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained weight loss. It can also be used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and esophageal or stomach cancers. The procedure may also be employed to evaluate abnormal findings from other diagnostic tests or to manage complications related to the gastrointestinal tract. Complications from gastroscopy are relatively rare but can include infection, bleeding, and perforation. Other potential issues involve adverse reactions to sedation or anesthesia, as well as throat discomfort, bloating, or mild abdominal pain following the procedure. There is also a risk of aspiration (inhalation of stomach contents into the lungs), particularly in individuals with compromised swallowing function.
Preparation for gastroscopy usually involves fasting for several hours before the procedure to ensure the stomach is empty. Patients are often given a sedative to help them relax and minimize discomfort. After the procedure, individuals are monitored for a short time to ensure they recover from the sedation and any potential complications. Most people are able to resume normal activities within a day, though they may need to avoid eating solid foods for a few hours. Gastroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides essential information for the assessment and management of various gastrointestinal conditions.
